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Cartoon endoscope logoDoctor Kichian'sGastroenterology
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General GI

Gastrointestinal Bleeding

GI bleeding can be visible (bright red or dark stools, vomiting blood) or hidden (iron-deficiency anemia). Every episode deserves prompt, structured evaluation.

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Symptoms

  • Bright red blood in stool or on toilet paper
  • Black, tarry stools (melena)
  • Vomiting blood or coffee-ground material
  • Fatigue and iron-deficiency anemia without obvious cause

Possible causes

  • Upper GI: ulcers, esophagitis, Mallory–Weiss tears, varices
  • Lower GI: diverticulosis, angiodysplasia, colitis, colon polyps or cancer
  • Medication-related: NSAIDs, aspirin, anticoagulants

How we diagnose

  • Rapid assessment and stabilization when acute
  • Upper endoscopy and/or colonoscopy
  • Capsule endoscopy or CT angiography for obscure bleeding

Treatment options

  • Endoscopic therapy: clips, thermal, injection, banding
  • Acid suppression, iron replacement, medication review
  • Interventional radiology or surgery in selected cases

Lifestyle & prevention

  • Medication review — NSAIDs and anticoagulants
  • Iron supplementation as prescribed
  • Follow-up to confirm healing