Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) is a condition where stomach contents repeatedly move back into the esophagus. Occasional heartburn after a big meal is normal; frequent or severe symptoms are not, and can lead to esophageal damage over time.
Common symptoms
- Burning in the chest, especially after meals or lying down
- Regurgitation of food or acid
- Chronic cough, hoarseness, or a lump-in-throat sensation
- Difficulty or pain with swallowing (this deserves prompt evaluation)
When lifestyle isn't enough
Weight, meal timing, and sleep positioning can meaningfully reduce symptoms. If those aren't enough, medications and — in select cases — endoscopic evaluation or antireflux procedures may be warranted.
When to see a specialist
See a gastroenterologist if you have symptoms more than twice a week, difficulty swallowing, unintentional weight loss, blood in vomit or stool, or if you've been on acid-suppressing medications for years without a plan.